1. Which of the following events occurs during the third phase of growth of Penicillium chrysogenum?
(a) Autolysis of the medium starts
(b) Slight rise in pH due to liberation of ammonia
(c) The concentration of antibiotic increases in the medium
(d) All of the above
Answer: (d) All of the above.
2. The yield of the antibiotic depends upon __________.
(a) Age of the inoculum
(b) Only the pH of the medium
(c) Composition of the medium
(d) All of the above
Answer: (d) All of the above.
3. In Penicillium chrysogenum, the maximum antibiotic production occurs during the __________.
(a) The second phase
(b) Third phase
(c) First phase
(d) In all three phases
Answer: (a) The second phase.
4. The fermentation medium for oxytetracycline consists of__________.
(a) CSL, Ammonium sulfate, sodium chloride and Calcium carbonate
(b) CSL, Ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride and Calcium carbonate
(c) CSL, starch, Ammonium sulfate, sodium chloride and Calcium carbonate
(d) CSL, starch, Ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride and Calcium carbonate
Answer: (d) CSL, starch, Ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride and Calcium carbonate.
5. At normal the pH value of penicillin remains in__________.
(a) Solvent phase
(b) Precipitates
(c) Aqueous phase
(d) Both (a) and (b)
Answer: (c) Aqueous phase.
6. In which of the following substances is chlortetracycline soluble?
(a) Water
(b) Ether
(c) Organic solvents
(d) All of the above
Answer: (a) Water.
7. Which of the following statements are true about penicillin at acidic pH?
(a) Penicillin precipitates
(b) Penicillin remains in the aqueous phase
(c) Penicillin remains in the solvent phase
(d) None of the above
Answer: (c) At acidic pH penicillin remains in the solvent phase.
8. Which of the following fermentation processes is used in the production of penicillin?
(a) Aerobic fermentation followed by anaerobic fermentation
(b) Anaerobic fermentation
(c) Aerobic fermentation
(d) Anaerobic fermentation followed by aerobic fermentation
Answer: (c) Aerobic fermentation.
9. Which of the following is the media composition for the production of streptomycin?
(a) Glucose, soybean meal, malt extract, ammonium chloride
(b) Calcium carbonate, soybean meal, glucose, peptone
(c) Ammonium sulphate, soybean meal, peptone, malt extract.
(d) Soybean meal, glucose, peptone, malt extract, sodium chloride
Answer: (d) Soybean meal, glucose, peptone, malt extract, sodium chloride.
10. Which of the following media composition is used for the production of chlortetracycline?
(a) Calcium Carbonate, Sugar and Ammonium sulfate
(b) Corn steep liquor, Calcium Carbonate, and Ammonium sulfate
(c) Corn steep liquor, Ammonium Chloride. , Calcium Carbonate, and Ammonium sulfate
(d) Sugar, corn steep liquor, Calcium Carbonate, Ammonium sulfate, and Ammonium Chloride.
Answer: (d) Sugar, corn steep liquor, Calcium Carbonate, Ammonium sulfate, and Ammonium Chloride.
11. After the fermentation process, penicillin is recovered as
(a) Penicillin
(b) Sodium penicillin
(c) Calcium penicillin
(d) Potassium penicillin
Answer: (d) Potassium penicillin.
12.Which of the following species is used for producing streptomycin?
(a) S. ramosus
(b) S. griseus
(c) S. aerofaciens
(d) S. griseoflavus
Answer: (b) S. griseus.
13.The high yield of chlortetracycline requires ____________.
(a) No aeration
(b) Controlled aeration
(c) Continuous aeration
(d) Aeration which does not affect the yield
Answer: (c) Continuous aeration.
14.Which of the following statements are true about the vegetable oil added in the fermentation medium for penicillin?
(a) It acts as a carbon source
(b) It acts as an antifoam agent
(c) It acts as a source of nutrients
(d) All of the above
Answer: (b) It acts as an antifoam agent.
15.Which of the following events occurs during the second phase of growth of Penicillium chrysogenum?
(a) pH increase
(b) Mycelial mass increases
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) Synthesis of penicillin is high
Answer: (c) Both (a) and (b).
16.Which of the following seeds are used for the inoculum preparation for the fermentation medium for penicillin?
(a) Rice seeds
(b) Corn seeds
(c) Wheat seeds
(d) Barley seeds
Answer: (d) Barley seeds.
17.Which of the following events occurs during the first phase of growth of Penicillium chrysogenum?
(a) A maximum rate occurs by the utilization of lactic acid present in the corn steep liquor
(b) Growth of mycelia
(c) Ammonia is liberated in the medium
(d) All of the above
Answer: (d) All of the above.
18.What type of side effect is most commonly observed in beta-lactam antibiotics?
(a) Hearing loss
(b) Aplastic anaemia
(c) Allergic reaction
(d) Yellowing of teeth
Answer: (c) Allergic reaction.
19. Which of the following events occurs during the third phase of growth of Penicillium chrysogenum?
(a) Autolysis of the medium starts
(b) Slight rise in pH due to liberation of ammonia
(c) The concentration of antibiotic increases in the medium
(d) All of the above
Answer: (d) All of the above.
20.In Penicillium chrysogenum, the maximum antibiotic production occurs during the __________.
(a) The second phase
(b) The third phase
(c) First phase
(d) In all three phases
Answer: (a) The second phase.
21.Antibiotics are used to treat infections by
(a) Virus
(b) Bacteria
(c) All the microorganisms
(d) None of the above
Answer:(b) Bacteria.
22.The penicillins act by
(a). inhibition of protein synthesis
(b). interfering with bacterial cell wall synthesis. -ans
(c). inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis
(d). phagocytic action.
Answer:(b). interfering with bacterial cell wall synthesis
23.The most important side-effect of the penicillins is
(a). gastrointestinal disturbances.
(b). ototoxicity.
(c). hypersensitivity reactions
(d). hepatotoxicity.
Answer:(c). hypersensitivity reactions
24.A penicillin preparation which is suitable for oral administration is
(a). Benzathine Penicillin
(b). Benzylpenicillin
(c). Procaine benzylpenicillin
(d). Phenoxymethylpenicillin
Answer:(d). Phenoxymethylpenicillin
25.penicillinase-resistant penicillins include
(a). benzylpenicillin
(b). phenoxymethylpenicillin
(c). cloxacillin
(d). ampicillin
Answer:(c). cloxacillin
26.Co-amoxiclav is a
(a). penicillin-beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations
(b). penicillin is active against gram negative bacteria.
(c). carbapenem group of antibiotics.
(d). narrow spectrum penicillin.
Answer:(a). penicillin-beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations
27.Which statement about penicillins is FALSE
(a). Penicillins cross CSF if the meninges are inflamed.
(b). Benzylpenicillin is highly active against Streptococcus pneumoniae .
(c). Procaine penicillin, given i.m. only.
(d). Penicillins do not cause neutropenia in high doses for longer than 10 days.
Answer:(d). Penicillins do not cause neutropenia in high doses for longer than 10 days.
28.Which statement about penicillins is TRUE
(a). Penicillins in high doses cause convulsions.
(b). Benzylpenicillin is not effective for infections due to normal strains of Neisseria meningitidis
(c). Phenoxymethylpenicillin is not resistant to gastric acid.
(d). Penicillins are not effective against normal strains of gram positive bacteria.
Answer:(a). Penicillins in high doses cause convulsions.
29.identification of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in patients indicates:
(a). the organisms are sensitive to flucloxacillin and cloxacillin
(b). the organisms are sensitive to beta-lactam antibiotics
(c). the organisms are resistant to flucloxacillin, cloxacillin, and other beta-lactam antibiotics
(d). usual infection-control measures are satisfactory to manage the infections.
Answer:(c). the organisms are resistant to flucloxacillin, cloxacillin, and other beta-lactam antibiotics
30.Which statement about ampicillin is FALSE:
(a). Ampicillin causes diarrhoea on oral administration.
(b). Ampicillin may cause maculopapular rashes
(c). Amoxycillin is better absorbed from the gut than ampicillin.
(d). Ampicillin is a cephalosporin group of antibiotics.
Answer:(d). Ampicillin is a cephalosporin group of antibiotics.
